Cardiac Catheterization

Cardiac catheterization is a common procedure that is done to detect problems with the heart and heart function. A small tube (catheter) is placed up into and around the heart through a blood vessel in the groin or arm. Moving x-rays (angiograms) are then taken to show any problems with the coronary (or heart) arteries, heart chambers, major blood vessels, heart valves, and congenital (at birth) heart defects. This test can also be used to treat blocked coronary arteries by blowing up a small balloon at the site of the blockage to create a larger opening, called an angioplasty. When a catheter is used to inject dye into the coronary arteries, the procedure is called coronary angiography or coronary arteriography.

A doctor, called a cardiologist, usually does a cardiac catherization, using equipment and cameras in a special lab. During the test, you lie on your back and your heart is hooked up to a monitor. After local anesthesia is given, a catheter (thin plastic tube) is placed inside your body through a blood vessel in your groin or arm. The catheter is gently guided up into your body to reach the arteries around the heart. The doctor will most likely measure pressures within the chambers of the heart, take blood samples, and carefully move the catheter into the arteries that deliver blood to your heart (or coronary arteries). While the catheter is pointed into each of the coronary arteries, the doctor will inject a special dye into the blood vessels. Pictures are taken with an x-ray machine. The pictures will show if there are any blockages in the arteries and how severe these blockages are. Other than the brief sting of the numbing medicine and soreness in your groin or arm afterward, you are not likely to feel any pain. If blockages are found, your doctor will discuss treatment options with you.